Harvard referencing

Reference list vs. Bibliography

In the Harvard style, references are listed at the end of your work, and are organised alphabetically by the surname of the author.

A reference list includes all works that have been referred to in the assignment.

A bibliography includes all the material consulted in writing your assignment even if you have not cited them within it.

Many people use these terms interchangeably so, if you are unsure about whether you need to include a bibliography as well as a reference list, ask your tutor.


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There are many different styles of referencing that are all referred to as 'Harvard'. This tutorial details the Harvard style of referencing based upon the advice given in the book "Cite Them Right : the essential referencing guide" (Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right : the essential referencing guide. 9th ed. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.) This is the style of Harvard that the University Library supports.

Referencing in the Harvard style is a two-part process:

Jump to: Books | Journals | Online Sources | Dissertations and Theses | Other

Books

In the text:

For an in-text citation in your work, you would cite your reference as follows:

Smith (1987) found that wide variations in temperature reduced egg viability.
Wide fluctuations in temperature reduce egg viability (Smith, 1987).

When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year these are distinguished by adding lower case letters after the year within the brackets:

Smith (1987a), Smith (1987b)

In the bibliography / reference list:

Surname, INITIAL(S). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication, Publisher.

Alberts, B. (2008) Molecular biology of the bell. 5th ed. London, Taylor & Francis.

In the text:

For an in-text citation in your work, you would cite your reference as follows:

Burns and Grove (2001) found that...
Blah blah blah (Burns and Grove, 2001).

In the bibliography / reference list:

Surname, INITIAL(S). and Surname, INITIAL(S). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication, Publisher.

Burns, N. and Grove, S. K. (2001) The practice of nursing research: conduct, critique & utilization. 4th ed. London, Saunders.

In the text:

For an in-text citation in your work, you would cite your reference as follows:

Mares et al. (c1985) found that...
Blah blah blah (Mares et al., c1985).

In the bibliography / reference list:

Surname, INITIAL(S) (for first author). et al. (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.

Mares, P. et al. (c1985) Health care in multiracial Britain. Cambridge, Health Education Council.

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Journals

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Online Sources

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Dissertations and Theses

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Reports

In the bibliography / reference list:

INITIAL(S). Surname, "Report title," Abbrev. of name of Co. or Inst., City, Abbrev. of USA state (if necessary), Country, Rep. number, Abbrev. of Month. Year.

[15] R. Arenz, H. Krasowski and W. Wahl, "Computer-assisted product structure analysis for the automotive industry regarding optimal end of life strategies," SAE, Warrendale, PA, USA, Tech. Paper 2001-01-3733, Nov. 2001.

Notes:
  • Report title is between quotation marks, only the first letter of the first word should be capitalised.
  • If you do not know the month of publication include the year only.
In the bibliography / reference list:

INITIAL(S). Surname, "Report title," Abbrev. of name of Co. or Inst., City, Abbrev. of USA state (if necessary), Country, Rep. number, Abbrev. of Month. Year. [Online]. Available: URL or DOI

[16] D. Stauffer, "Effects of near surface porosity on automotive powertrain gears," SAE, Warrendale, PA, USA, Tech. Paper 2004-01-0490, March 2004. [Online]. Available: 10.4271/2004-01-0490

Notes:
  • Report title is between quotation marks, only the first letter of the first word should be capitalised.
  • If you do not know the month of publication include the year only.
  • Do not add a full stop to the end of the URL or DOI.

Other

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